
CJass. 


-^^&^ 


liook 


... 0-71 


PRESENTED m 1 





HITHERTO UNPUBLISHED PLATES 

OF 

TERTIARY MAMMALIA 

AND 

PERMIAN VERTEBRATA 



Prepared under the Direction of 

EDWARD DRINKER COPE 

for the 

U. S. Geological Survey of the Territories 

with 

Descriptions of Plates 

by 

WILLIAM DILLER MATTHEW 



PUBLISHED AND DISTRIBUTED 

WITH THE COOPERATION OF THE 

yNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

BY THE 

AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 

' MONOGRAPH SERIES NUMBER 2 

1915 









Prefatory Note. 

The accompanying plates were prepared and printed by the United States Govern- 
ment for the Report on Tertiary Vertebrata by E. D. Cope, forming Volumes III and 
IV of the final report of the Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, F. V. 
Hayden in charge. , The first part of this Report (Volume III), treating of the Eocene 
and a part of the Ohgocene vertebrates was completed and published in 1885. The 
second part, treating of the remainder of the Oligocene and all the Miocene vertebrates, 
was never completed. A large number, but not all, of the plates for this part were pre- 
pared and printed, together with seven plates for a contemplated report on Permian 
Vertebrata. 

The specimens illustrated are contained in the Cope Collection, purchased by the 
American Museum of Natural History. The ownership of certain parts of the collec- 
tion having been satisfactorily adjusted it seemed proper that the plates should be 
distributed for the benefit of palseontologists, jointly by the United States Geological 
Survey an/i the American Museum of Natural History. The plate descriptions were 
prepared and the plates bound and distributed by the latter institution. 

Illustrations of many of the specimens here figured, copied from these plates, have 
been published by Professor Cope, chiefiy in the American Naturalist of 1880-1888. 
The nomenclature and identification of the material has been materially changed since 
1880-1883 when the illustrations were made, and it has been thought advisable to give 
in the plate descriptions both Cope's identifications and the revision now current (1915). 
No text is known to have been prepared by the author, but the substance of his views 
and interpretations of the later Tertiary vertebrates of Western America may be found 
in his numerous publications dealing with fossil mammals, chiefly in the American 
Naturalist, and Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, between 1880 and 
1892, also in Bulletins and Annual Reports of the U. S. Geol. Geog. Sur. Territories, 
1872-1882 and the Texas Geological Survey Reports, 1891-1893. 

A number of plates illustrating the Brontotheriidse of the Oligocene of Colorado 
are included in the Monograph of that family by Henry Fairfield Osborn, and are omitted 
from the present series. 

Schedule of Plates. 

Permian Vertebrata. Twelve plates; Nos. 1, 3, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 16a, 19, 22. 

Oligocene Ungulata. Fifteen plates; Nos. 102, 104, 105, 108, 109, 109a, 110, 110a, 
11, 112, 113, 113a, 115, 115a, 116. 

Miocene Carnivora and Rodentia. Seven plates; Nos. 118, 118a, 118b, 119, 119a, 
119b, 119c. 

Miocene Proboscidea. Five plates; Nos. 120, 121, 122, 123, 124. 

Miocene Rhinoceroses. Twenty plates; Nos. 125, 126, 127, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 
134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 144b. 

Miocene Equida;. Seven plates; Nos. 145, 147, 148, 148a, 149, 150, 151. 

Miocene Camelidoe. Two plates; Nos. 153, 154, 



/ 



PLATE I. 



Permian Vertebrata. Megalichthys 

Nomenclature 
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 

Ectosteorhachis nitidus Megalichthys (= Palseobatrachus) nitidus 

Figs. 1-3. Megalichthys nitidus (Cope 1880). Type specimen, two-thirds natural size. Amer. 
Mus. No. 7239, Cope Coll. Wichita basin, Texas. Fig. 1, ventral view of head 
and fore part of trunk; fig. 2, 2a, 2b, dorsal, lateral and anterior views of head. 
(Fig. 4 is not identified). 



PLATE III. 



Permian Vertebrata 
Vertebrate Remains from Vermillion Co., Illinois 

Nomenclature 
Cope, 1880-3 Revised, 1915 

Orthacanthus quadriseriatus Pleuracanthus quadriseriatus 

Diplodus compressus Diacranodus texensis 

Ctenodus pusillus Gnathorhiza pusilla 

gurleyanus Sagenodus fossatus 
fossatus " fossatus 

Ceratodus paucicristatus " paucicristatus 

vinslovii " vinslovii 

Peplorhina arctata Sphaerolepis arctata 

Janassa strigilina Janassa strigilina 
gurleiana " gurleiana 

Archaeobelus vellicatus Archeeobelus vellicatus 

Cricotus heteroclitus Cricotus heteroclitus 

Lysorophus tricarinatus Lysorophus tricarinatus 

Diplocaulus salamandroides Diplocaulus salamandroides 

Figs. 1-50. Vertebrate remains from the Permian bone bed of Vermillion County Illinois. This 

fauna described by Professor Cope in 1877 was the first Permian fauna found in 

North America, and contains the genotj^ies of many of the genera later described 

from better material in Texas and New Mexico. The collection is the property 

of the Walker Museum of the University of Chicago, and has been redescribed 

by Dr. E. C. Case (1900) in the Journal of Geology, Vol. VIII, pp. 698-729, with 

five plates of figures. The revised nomenclature is auct. Case and Hussakof 

1911. 
Figs. 1, la. Pleuracanthus quadriseriatus (Cope, 1877). Fragment of head spine, X 2. Type 

specimen. No. 6502, Walker Mus. (Case, 1900; pi. i, fig. 3). 
Figs. 2-4. Diacranodus texensis (Cope, 1890). Teeth, No. 6504, Walker Mus., referred by 

Cope to Diplodus (Didymodus) compressus Newberry. (Case, 1900, pi. i, fig. 5; 

I am unable to state the enlargement, as Dr. Case does not give it in his figure, 

nor have measurements been published). 
Fig. 5. Sphcerolepis arctata (Cope, 1877). Dentigerous plate, X f . Type specimen No. 6511, 

Walker Museum. (Hussakof, 1911, pi. xxxi, fig. 2). 
Fig. 6, 6a, 6b, 6c. Gnaithorhiza pusilla (Cope, 1877). Right palatal plate, X f, type specimen, 

No. 6508, Walker Mus. (Case, 1900, pi. i, fig. 9; Hussakof, 1911, pi. xxvii, fig. 10). 
Fig. 7, 7a, 7b. Sagenodus fossatus (Cope, 1877). Upper dental plate, natural size, No. 6509, 

Walker Mus., type of Ctenodus gurleyanus Cope, 1877. (Case, 1900, pi. i, fig. 8; 

Hussakof, 1911, pi. xxvi, fig. 9). 
Fig. 8, 8a, 8b, 8c. Sagenodus fossatus (00^6,1877). Imperfect left mandibular plate, immature, 

about I natural size. Type specimen. No. 6506, Walker Museum. (Case, 1900, 

pi. i, fig. 10; Hussakof, 1911, pi. xxvi, fig. 8). 
Fig. 9, 9a, 9b, 9c. Sagenodus paucicristatus Cope, 1877. Imperfect dental plate, natural size, 

Type specimen. No. 6505 Walker Mus. (Case, 1900, pi. i, fig. 11; Hussakof, 

1911, pi. xxvii, fig. 4). 



Fu-.. 10, Ida, 10b, lOc. Sagenodus vinslovii {Cope, 1S75). Incomplete left palatal plate, natural 

size, Type specimen, No. 6507 Walker Mus. (Case, 1900, pi. i, fig. 6; Hussakof, 

1911, pi. xxvii, fig. 7). 
Ku;. 11, I la, lib. Jaiiassa slrigilina Cope, ISSl. Tooth probably of median series, twice 

natural size. Type specimen, No. 0500 Walker Mus. (Case, 1900, pi. 1, fig. 1; 

Hussakof, 1911, pi. xxvi, fig. 1). 
Fig. 12, 12a, 12b. Janassa gurleiana Cope, 1878. Small tooth, lacking the root, twice natural 

size. Type specimen. No. 6501, Walker Mus. (Case, 1900, pi. i, fig. 2; Hussakof, 

1911, pi. xxvi, fig. 2). 
Fu:. 13, loa, lob, 13c. Archceobelus vellicalus Cope, 1877. Jaw fragment with tooth, about 

natural size. Type specimen, No. 6524, Walker Mus. 
Fig. 14, 14a. Undetermined jaw fragment, "Species two" of Cope, 1877, auct. Case (agrees 

better with "species one" of Cope's description), natural size and enlarged to -f-. 

No. 6567, Walker Mus. (Case, 1900, pi. v, fig. 12). Fig. 14b, tooth, undet. 
Fig. 15, 16. Cncotiis heterodUus Cope, 1875. Two intercentra, ? types of C. discophorus 

Cope, 1877, natural size, Walker Mus., ? No. 6518. (Case, 1900, pi. i, figs. 13-14). 
Fig. 17, 17a, 17b. Cricotiis gibsoni Cope, 1877. Supposed caudal vertebra, natural size. Type 

specimen. No. 6521, Walker Mus. Case, 1900, pi. i, fig. 15. 
Fig. 18. ? Diplocaulus, fragment of sculptured plate. 
Figs. 19-20. Lysorophus tricarinatus Cope, 1877. Two vertebral centra, twice natural size. 

Typical specimens. No. 6526-8, Walker Mus. (Case, 1900, pi. ii, fig. 12). 
Figs. 21-23. Diplocaulus salamandroides Cope, 1877. Vertebrae, about |- natural size. Typical 

specimens, Nos. 6513-6, Walker Mus. (Case, 1900, pi. v, fig. 17). 
Fig. 24. Unidentified jaw fragment "Species one" of Cope, 1877, auct. Case (agrees better with 

"species two" of Cope's description). No. 6567, Walker Mus. (Case, 1900, pi. 

V, fig. 12). Probably enlarged, but as Cope gives no measurements and Case does 

specify the enlargement on his figure I can not determine how much. 
Fig. 25. Unidentified. 
Fig. 26, 26a, 26b. Clepsydrops ? pedunculatus Cope, 1877. Humerus, lacking distal end. Half 

natural size. No. 6542, Walker Mus. (Case, 1900, pi. ill, fig. 5; reference auct. 

Case) . 
Fig. 27. Unidentified. 
Fig. 28. Unidentified vertebra. 
Fig. 29. " inter centrum. 

Figs. 30-35. Pelycosaurian carpal and tarsal bones, unidentified, probably Clepsydrops. No. 

6559, Walker Mus. (Case, 1900, pi. v, figs. 18-21.) Enlargement not determined. 
Figs. 37-47. Clepsydrops metapodials and phalanges. Enlargement not determined. Nos. 

6563-5, Walker Mus. (Case 1900, pi. v, figs. 3-10). 
Figs. 48-49. ? Podial bones of Pelycosaurians. 
Fig. 50. Coprolite. No. 6574, Walker Mus. 



U S, GEOLOGICAL. SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES' 



PLATE JIl. 



31 



34 



0f^gi 



35 




30 




3,. 

%4 ' 




'v«.: 



^^ 21a 




14 b. 



T, Sinclair & Son.Iith Philada 

1-4. SELA.CHII, 6-10. DIPNOI. II-IZ. JANASSA. 13. ARCHAEOBELUS. 14-17, STE GO CEPHALI. 
19-20. LYSOROPHUS. 21-23 DIPLOCAULUS 2 4-49, THEROMORPHA 



PLATE VII. 

Permian Vertebrates. Trimerorhachis 

Fig. 1, la. Trimerorhachis insignis Cope, 1878. Skull, superior and inferior views, natural 
size. Metatype, Amer. Mus. No. 4557, Cope Coll,, Permian, Wichita basin, 
Texas. 

Figs. 2, 2a, 3. 7Trimerorhachis, not identified. 



'^'^^^^vm 





?>, ■ 



5ft.V<a 




-•T; 






PLATE VIII. 



Permian Vertebrata. Trimerorhachis 



Figs. 1-11. Trimerorhachis insignis Cope, 1878. Occiput, jaws, vertebrae and limb bones, 
natural size. Type specimen, Amer. Mus., No. 4565, Cope Coll. Lower Per- 
mian, Wichita Basin, Texas. 



-JEOLOGIQAL SURX/IEY' OF THE TERMTORES. 



FLA'TE '.'Til 



3 







TRIMEPORHAGHIR - JNSIGNIR. COPE Vl. 



. omcid-iT S. SjTi Ijith PKilada 



PLATE X. 

Permian Vertbbrata. Eryops 

Eryops megacephalus Cope, 1878. Complete skull, superior view, four-sevenths natural size. 
Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 4189, Cope Coll. Lower Permian, Wichita 
basin, Texas. 



U S. GEOLOaiCAL, SURSZEY' OF THE TEFORITOPIES, 



PLATE X 



->%. 



1^ 



^\ 






■;i«'f,; 



45 








"%•:' 




%5 







f 




ERYOPS MEGAGEPHAL.US. GCPE V 



'. o.r.clair <■> G'jii TJith Plulada 



PLATE XI. 



Permian Vertebrata. Skull of Eryops 

Figs. 1-2. Eryops megacephalus Cope, 1878, side view of skuU and lower jaw and under view 
of lower jaw, four sevenths natural size. Type specimen, Amer. Mus., No. 4189, 
Cope Coll. Lower Permian, Wichita basin, Texas. 




I 















.,*;. 



rij- 






4" 










/I % 



PLATE XII. 



Permian Vertebrata. Jaws and Vertebrae of Eryops 

Figs. 1-9. Eryops 7negacephalus Cope, 1878. Lower jaw and vertebrae, Amer. Mus. No. 4183, 
Cope Coll., from Lower Permian, Wichita Co., Texas. Specimens figured on 
PI. xiii. 

Fig. 1, la, lower jaw, -f natural size; fig. 2, 2a, cervical 3, 3a, dorsal, 4, 4a, 
sacral, and 5, 5a, caudal vertebrae all f natural size; fig. 6, anterior vertebra, 
natural size; fig. 7 posterior dorsal vertebra, natural size;^figs. 8-10 not identified. 



PLATE XIII. 



Permian Vertebrata. Limb bones of Eryops 

Figs. 1-6. Eryops megace-phalus Cope, 1878. Scapula pelvis and femur, all two fifths natural 
size. Amer. Mus. No. 4183, Cope CoU., figured on pi. xii. 

Fig. 1, la. Scapula-coracoid, inner and outer views of lower portion; fig. 
2-5, pelvis, outer, anterior, posterior and inferior views; fig. 6, 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 
femur, external anterior, posterior, proximal and distal views. 



ij, 3 GEOLOGICAL SUKvILr' OF T.HE TERRlTOf^'ES. 



PLATE >J\1 




I'Sialv ^- Sot. I,_;h Piiuaa'j. 



ERYOPS MEGAGEPHALUS. 2/5. 



PLATE XVI. 



Permian Vertebrates. Skeleton of Cricotus 

Figs. 1, 2 & 8, and probably 3-7 and 9. Cricotus crassidiscus, portions of skeleton, natural size. 
Am. Mus. No. 4550a, Cope Coll., Lower Permian, North Fork of Little Wichita 
River, Texas. Fig. 1, neck and anterior part of trunk; fig. 2, posterior part of 
trunk to anterior part of tail; fig. 3, middle portion of tail. The remaining 
figures are probably of this individual, but I am unable positively to identify 
them. The specimen has been much more thoroughly pieced together since it 
was acquired by the American Museum, being in fact a nearly complete articu- 
lated skeleton, lacking only the distal parts of limbs and feet. With it was 
associated a second skeleton, lacking the skull and jaws, but otherwise almost 
as complete as the other. Professor Cope appears to have considered both as 
portions "of a single skeleton. 



i, SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES 



PLATE XTvl 




CRICOTUS K. 



PLATE XVIa. 

Pebmian Vebtebrates. Skull and Ventral Aemor oe CmcoTus 

Fig. 1. Cricotus crassidiscus. Cone 1S84 Pnr+;^r, „<■ x i 

.». co-.„e. A:;MrN„'srctrcr ™' ■■°'^'» "^^°"' ■»'"-' 

i<iG. ^. Cncoi?<s crass^d^■scMS Cope, 1884 Skull nnH I..^^^ ■ ^ , -, 

Co-type CecW^ILi T 456^; C<i "n ph-i ^ " "" ™"'' """"^ ""• 



U 3, GEOLOGICAL STJRVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. 



PLATE XVLa 












\ 



-,. ■> V 







^awJinoM-nii* 




X 6irj.ciiir &: Son, i_-ith.. riiilaSa', 



CRICOTUS. 



PLATE XIX. 



Permian Vertebrates. Skull of Diadectes 

Nomenclature 
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 

Empedocles molaris Diadectes molaris 

FiQS. 1-4. Diadectes molaris Cope, 1878. Skull, natural size, Amer. Mus. No. 4350, Cope Coll. 

Lower Permian, Little Wichita R., Texas. Fig. 1, palatal view restored; fig. 2, 

side view, missing parts in outline; fig. 3, occipital view, missing parts in outline; 

fig. 4, premaxUlae, anterior view; fig. 5, crown view of upper teeth. 
Figs. 5-6. Diadectes ? iissus (Cope, 1883). Upper and part of lower jaw, natural size, ? No. 

4348, Cope Coll., Lower Permian, Wichita Basin, Texas. 



.: GEOLOGICAL ailRVELr^ OF THE TRRPITGR^S 



PLATE XIX 





T. Sinclair & SoTi.Iiith Philada 



EMPED OGLES MOLARIS. COPE Vi. 



PLATE XXII. 



Permian Vertebrates. Skeleton of Dimetrodon 

Figs. 1-11. Dimetrodon incisivus Cope. Parts of skull and vertebrae, two-fifths natural size 
(except figs. 8-9). Amer. Mus. No. 4008, Cope Coll. Lower Permian, North 
Fork of Little Wichita River, Texas. 

Fig. 1, la. Front of skull, with fragment of lower jaw attached, fig. 2, 2a, 2b, 
quadrate; figs. 3-5, vertebral column, axis to second caudal complete, spines mostly 
broken off; figs. 6, 7, anterior and posterior views of anterior dorsal vertebra 
(14th of this series); figs. 8, 9, posterior view of posterior dorsal and anterior 
view of sacral vertebra, both natural size; figs. 10, 10a, caudal vertebrae; fig. 11, 
mass of vertebral spines with head of rib attached. 



I S GEULOGICAL, SLlRVFr' nF THl^' TERRITORIES 




T Sinclair & Son, Lith pmJaiJa 



DIMETRODON INCISIVUS a/5 



PLATE CII. 

Oligocene Rhinoceroses. Hyracodon 

Figs. 1-11. Hyracodon arcidens Cope, 1S7 3. Type specimen. Amer. Mus. No. 6309, Cope Coll., 
Cedar Creek beds (Oreodon zone) of Logan Co., Colorado. All figures two fifths 
nature. Fig. 1, palate and lower jaws, left side; fig. 2, palatal view of palate; 
fig. 3, occiput, posterior and right side views; fig. 4, superior view of lower jaws; 
fig. 5, fragment unidentified; fig. 6, atlas, inferior view; fig. 7, 7a, 7b, axis, 
lateral superior and inferior views; 8, 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, middle cervical vertebra, 
lateral, superior, inferior, anterior and posterior views; 9, 9b, 9c, 9d, correspond- 
in,g views of first dorsal; 10, 11, anterior dorsals. 



*-• 



U. S GEOLOGICAL SURVETy^ OF THE TERRFTORIES 



PLATE GlI^ 







9 c 






\ \ 



^\. 







8,d. 



3. a 







Sd. 




T. Smclair A Son.lith Philada 



HYRACODON ARCIDENS COPE 2/5^ 



PLATE CIV. 

Limb Bones of Oligocene Rhinoceroses 

Nomenclature 
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 

Aceratherium occidentale Csenopus (= Subhyracodon) mitis 
Aceratherium pacificum Diceratherium pacificum 

Figs. 1-2. Cwnopus mitis (Cope, 1874). Femur tibia and fibula, part of type specimen figured 
on pi. cv. Amer. Mus. No. 6325, Cope Coll., Horsetail Creek beds (Titanotherium 
zone), Logan Co., Colorado. 

Figs. 3-4. Diceratherium pacificum (Leidy, 1871). Femur and tibia with foot bones figured 
onpl. cv. Amer. Mus. No. 7340, Cope Coll., John Day formation of Oregon. 

AU figures are two-fifths natural size. 



U S^ GEOLOGICAI^ SURVETY^ OF THE TERKTORIES. 



Piy^TE CW 






V > ,Jti; 



l.a 




fj p 




■;-f 






s,:» 










> "^ 





T, Sinclaii- ^ Soii.,"[,ii;a,PJ'.i\ada 



1 - 2 ACERATHERllJM OCCIDENTALE 3-4 A PACIFICUM %. 



PLATE CV. 



Foot Bones of Oligocene Rhinoceroses 

Nomenclature 
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 

Aceratherium mite Caenopus (= Subhyracodon) mitis 

Diceratherium pacificum Diceratherium pacifieum • 

Figs. 1-5. Coenopus mitis (Cope, 1874). Limb and foot bones of type specimen, Am. Mus. No. 

6325, Cope Coll., Lower Oligocene, Horsetail Creek beds, Logan Co., Colorado. 

See pi. civ. 
Figs. 6-18. Diceratherium pacificum. Hind limb and foot bones. Am. Mus. No. 7340, Cope 

Coll., Upper Oligocene, John Day formation of Oregon. 



TJ. S GEOLOGiC;ALi PliT^MiV OF THE TTIRRITOWIEJ 



PLATE CV. 




T.oi-nc'lairX Son T.lHi Pii 



1_4. ACERATHERIUM MITE 2/5, 6 -18. DICER ATHEP.IU.M PACIFl GUM 2/5. 



PLATE CVIII. 

Oligocene Equid^. "Anchitherium" 

Nomenclature 

Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 

Anchitherium prsestans Kalobatippus prsestans 

Figs. 1-8. Kalobatippus praestans (Cope, 1879). Skull, jaws, hind foot and part of hind leg, 
one-half natural size, except fig. 8. Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 7269, 
Cope Coll., Upper Bed of John Day formation, Oregon. Fig. 1, side view of 
skull and jaws, la, palatal view of skull; fig. 2, superior view of lower jaw; fig. 3, 
3a, distal end of femur, distal and external views; fig. 4, 4a, 4b, 4c, tibia, anterior, 
external, proximal and distal views; fig. 5a, proximal view of cuneiforms; fig. 6, 
6a, 6b, 6c, metatarsus, internal, anterior, proximal and distal views; fig. 7, 7a, 
second phalanx of median digit, anterior and internal views; fig. 8, lateral ungual 
phalanx, natural size, all the preceding figures being one-half nature. 

Kalobatippus gen. nov. Osborn. Upper molars with metaloph united to ectoloph as in Anchi- 
therium, but m^ and heel of ms unreduced and like Miohippus in pattern. Limb 
bones and metapodials much elongated, lateral digits unreduced from Miohippus 
stage; phalanges short; inner cuneiform of pes abutting upon cannon-bone. 



U S. GEOLOGICAL SUm^Y OF THE TERP^JTORlSS, 



PLATE CX-lli 




T. Sinclair iSonUi+h Phiiada 



ANCHITHERILIM PRAE STAINS 1/2 



PLATE CIX. 

Oligocene Entelodonts. Jaw of Pelonax 

Nomenclature 
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 

Elotherium ramosum Pelonax ramosus 

Figs. 1-2. Pelonax ramosus (Cope, 1874). Lower jaw, side and top views, one-third natural 
size. Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 6393, Cope Coll. Upper Oreodon or 
Leptauchenia zone, Cedar Creek beds, N.-E. Colorado. 

Fig. 3, unidentified. 



PLATE ClXa. 

Oligocene Peccaeies and Entelodonts 

Nomenclature 
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 

Elotherium ramosum Pelonax ramosus 

Elotherium imperator Entelodon imperator 

Thinohyus pristinus Perchoerus pristinus 

Fig. 1. Pelonax ramosus (Cope, 1874). Lower jaw, anterior view, one third natural size. Type 
specimen figured on PI. cix. 

Fig. 2, 2a, 2b. Entelodon imperator (Leidy, 1873). Anterior end of lower jaw, superior, in- 
ferior and anterior views, one-third natural size. Amer. Mus. No. 7381, Cope 
Coll. John Day formation; Camp Creek, John Day Valley, Oregon. 

Figs. 3-8. Boochcerus humerosus Cope, 1879. Parts of type skeleton, figured on pi. ex. Fig. 3, 
fore foot, external; fig. 4, proximal view of metacarpus; fig. 6, 6a, proximal 
phalanx, proximal and distal views; fig. 7, 7a, second phalanx, same views; fig. 8, 
proximal view of tibia. All one-third natural size. 

Fig. 9, 9a. Perchoerus pristinus Leidy, 1873. Skull, lateral and palatal views, three-fifths 
natural size. Amer. Mus. No. 7394, Cope Coll., from the John Day formation 
of Oregon. 



U. S GE0LOGICAI.I SURVEV OF THE. TERRITORIES, 



PLATE ClXa. 




T. Sinclair A SonJJth.Philada 



1 ELOTHERIUM RAMOSUM Ve. '2—8 E IMPERATOR Vs. 9 THINOHYUS RRI STINUS 3/5. 



PLATE ex. 

Limb Bones of Boochcerus 

Nomenclature 
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 

Boochoerus humerosus = ? Dseodon humerosus 

Figs. 1-5. Boochoerus ( = ? Daodon) humerosus Cope, 1879. Type specimen. No. 7380, Amer. 
Mus. Cope Coll. From Upper Oligocene, John Day formation, upper bed, John 
Day Valley, Oregon. One-third natural size. 

Fig. 1, la, lb, Ic, humerus, posterior, anterior, proximal and distal views. 

Fig. 2, 2a, 2b, distal end of radius, anterior, distal and posterior views. 

Fig. 3, 3a, 3c, carpus, dorsal, proximal and internal views. 

Fig. 4, 4c, manus, dorsal and internal views. 

Fig. 5, 5a, 5b, 5c, femur, posterior, anterior, proximal and distal views. 



PLATE C.X 




Tt!ir.-luir Sb'iT. litlh FMInJ.i 



ELOTHBRIUM VS. 



PLATE CXa. 



Skulls of John Day Dicotylidjs 

Nomenclature 
Cope 1880-3 Revised, 1913 

Palseochoerus subsequans Perchoerus subsequans 

Palseochoerus trichaenus Perchcerus trichsenus 

Chsenohyus decedens Chsenohyus decedens 

Fig. 1. Perchoerus subasquans (Cope) 1879. Skull and lower jaw. Type specimen, Condon 

Coll., University of Oregon. Three-fourths natural size. 
Fig. 2. Perchcerus Irichcenus (Cope) 1879. Upper jaw of type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 7390, 

Cope Coll., John Day formation, Oregon. Three-fourths natural size. 
Fig. 3. Chcenohyus decedens Cope 1879. Upper jaw of type specimen, Condon Coll., University 

of Oregon. Natural size. 



U, S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. 



PLuATE ex. a 
















T Sinclair & Son.lith.Philaaa 

1 PALAEOGHOERUS SUBAEQUANS %. 2 P . TRIGHAENUS % 3.C,DECEDENS % . 



PLATE CXI. 

John Day Dicotylines and Oreodonts 

Nomenclature 
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 

Chaenohyus decedens . Chsenohyus'decedens 

Palseochoerus pristinus Perchoerus pristinus 

Palaeochoerus socialis Perchoerus socialis 

Coloreodon ryderanus Agriochoerus ryderanus 

Fig. 1, la. Chcenohyus decedens Cope, 1S79. Side and top views of anterior half of skull. Type 
specimen, Condon Coll., University of Oregon. See pi. CXa, fig. 3. Natural 
size. 

Fig. 2. Perchcerus pristinus (Leidy 1873). Lower jaw, Am. Mus. No. 7392, Cope Coll. Natural 
size. 

FiG- 3. Perchoerus socialis (Ma.Tsh, 1875). Lower jaw, Am. Mus. No. 7393, Cope Coll. Natural 
size. 

Fig. 4. Agriochoerus ryderanus (Cope, 1881). Skull, type specimen. Am. Mus. No. 7407, Cope 
Coll. side view, natural size. Figs. 4a, 4b, superior and inferior views, three- 
fourths natural size. 



U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEIY OF THE 'rEB-MTOPlTES 



PLATE GXI 











-T 




^ ' i* 




_3. 



f^ ■''p'-^'-i 



^^./-'" 





"*\L 





T. Sinclair & SoTi,Iiith.l?h-ilada, 



1 GHAENOHYLTS DECEDENS 2 PALAEOCHOERIJS PRISTINUS % 

3 P. SOCL\LIS Vi 4 OOLOREODON RYDERIANUS Vi a AND Td -3/4 



PLATE CXII. 

Oligocene Oreodonts. Skull of Agriochcbrus 

Nomenclature 

Cope 1880-3 Revised 1913 

Agriochoerus guiotianus Agriochoerus guyotianus 

Figs. 1-2, Agriochoerus guyotianus (Cope, 1873). Skull and jaws, lateral, inferior and posterior 
views, natural size. Specimen figured on pi. cxiii. Amer. Mus. No. 7402, Cope 
CoU., John Day formation of Oregon. 



PLATE CXIII. 

Oligocbne Oreodonts. Skulls of Agriochcerus 

Nomenclature 
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 

Agriochcerus guyotianus Agriochcerus guyotianus 

Coloreodon macrocephalus Agriochcerus macrocephalus 

Figs. 1-2. Agriochcerus guyotianus (Cope, 1878). Skull and jaws, superior and anterior views, 

natural size. Specimen figured on pi. cxii. Amer. Mus. No. 7402, Cope Coll., 

John Day formation of Oregon. 
Figs. 3-4. Agriochcerus macrocephalus (Cope, 1884). Skull, superior and palatal views, natural 

size. Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 7412, Cope Coll., John Day formation 

of Oregon. 



U. S, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. 



PLATE GXIU 




¥^-;-i 



#• 





%"■■ 



s 



•Vic,. 




T. Sinclair & Son.Ijith.Pkaada 



L-2 AGRIOGHOERUS GUIOTIANUS Vi. 3-4 COLOREODON MACROCBPHALUS %. 



PLATE CXIlIa. 

Oligocene Oreodonts. Skull op Agriochcbrus 

Nomenclature 
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 

Coloreodon ferox Agriochoerus ferox 

Figs. 1-3. Agriochcerus ferox (Cope, 1879). Skull, lateral, palatal and superior views, natural 
size. Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 7413, Cope Coll., John Day formation. 
North Fork of John Day River, Oregon. 



U. ^i: Ox^UJ 



AJ'JlC^'vL S^JR>/F:Y of the 'T'ERRITORIRS, 



PLJ\TE CXlTIa. 





;^,^/<'/y;/^ 




\ Sinclair & Son Lith Phiiac-c 



ca'j:\ :C)Rv.oij(jri f'Ef.)x, oope 'i. 



PLATE CXV. 



White River Camelid^. Skull and Skeleton op Poebrotherium. 

Figs. 1-13. Poebrotherium labiatum Cope, 1881. Skull, lower jaw and cervical and dorsal 
vertebra of type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 6520, Cope Coll. From Cedar Creek 
beds (Oreodon zone) of White River formation, head of Cedar Creek, Logan Co., 
Colorado. Three-fifths natural size. 



S GEOLOGICAL: SURVEY" OF THE TEFIRITORIES 



PLATE CXV 




3a 




T, Smclair & Son Lith Philada 



POEBROTHERIUM LABIATUM, % 



PLATE CXVa. 



White River Camelid^. Skeleton of Poebrotherium 

Figs. 1-12. Poebrotherium labiatum Cope, 1881. Limb bones, hind foot and vertebrae of type 
specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 6520, Cope Coll. Cedar Creek beds. White River 
formation, northeastern Colorado. Three-fifths natural size. See PI. CXV. 

Figs. 13-21. Poebrotherium wilsoni Leidy, 1847. Lower jaw, limb bones, fore-foot, and verte- 
brae of Amer. Mus. No. 6519, Cope Coll., Cedar Creek beds, White River forma- 
tion, northeastern Colorado. 



U, S GEOLOGICAL SUR>ZEY OF THE TERRITORIES 



^LATE CXVa 




T. Smclaii A Son :uja j"\ lada 



1—12 POEBROTHERI.UM LABIATUM. 13 — 21 P VILSONI, 



PLATE CXVI. 



Oligocene Camelid^. Skeleton of Paratylopus 

Nomenclature 
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 

Poebrotherium Sternberg! Paratylopus sternbergi 

Figs,. 1-7. Paratylopus sternbergi (Cope, 1879). Skull and parts of skeleton, three-fifths natural 
size. Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 7910, upper bed of John Day formation 
of Oregon. Figs. 1, la, lb, skull, lateral, superior and palatal views; fig. 2, 
premaxilla, inferior view; fig. 3, 3a, humerus, external and proximal views; fig. 4, 
distal end of radius; fig. 5, 5a, 5b, 5c, tibia, posterior, external, proximal and 
distal views; 6, 6a, metatarsus with distal tarsals, posterior and internal views; 
6b, proximal view of distal tarsals, 6c, of metatarsus; 6d, distal ends of meta- 
tarsals; fig. 7, 7a, patella, anterior and superior views. 



U, S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITOR'IE'S 



PLATE CX'^/I 




T. Sinclair & Son, IMti. Philada, 



POEBROTHERIUM STERNBERGI. % 



PLATE CXVIII. 

Miocene Canid^e. Skull of ^lurodon 

Mlurodon sasvus (Leidy, 1858) . From the skeleton Am. Mus. No. 8305, Cope Coll. Upper Miocene, 
Driftwood Creek, Hitchcock Co., Nebraska. Three-fourths natural size. 



U S, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE ITEKERITORIES , 



PLATE CXVin 



/ 







1 -^■ 




V. 




"^^ 




...■.^..■.^-=,„...,v:i_"^-.?r ,^^ ti- ^'V^^^.v;-J5.«V--i&^->*.-rs"J?fc,fvaJ#>^Si^^>«&St>;»5ftvvjV 



T Smclajr h. Son.Lith Philada. 



AELURODON SAEVUS LEIDY V*. 



PLATE CXVIIIa. 

Miocene Canid^. Skeleton of ^lurodon 

Figs. 1-16. JUlurodon scevus (Leidy, 1858). Vertebrae of skeleton figured on pU. CXVIII, 
CXVIIIb, CXIX. Fig. 1, posterior cervical; figs. 2 to 8, dorsal; figs. 9-15, 
lumbar vertebrae; fig. 16, pelvis and anterior caudals; figs. 17-19, distal caudal 
vertebrae. 

All three-fourths natural size. Republican River beds, Driftwood Creek, Nebraska. Amer. 
Mus. No. 8305, Cope Collection. 



PLATE CXVIIIb. 

Miocene Canid^. Skeleton of ^lurodon 

Figs. 1-7. Mlurodon scevus (Leidy, 1868). Parts of skeleton figured on pU. CXVIII, CXVIIIa, 
CXIX. Figs. 1, la, lb, scapula, external, posterior and proximal views; figs. 2, 
2a, ulna, external and anterior views; figs. 3, 3a, 3b, 3c, radius, anterior, internal, 
proximal and distal views; figs. 4, 4a, 4b, 4c, second metacarpal, anterior, external, 
internal and proximal views; fig. 5, 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, fifth metacarpal, anterior, 
external, internal, proximal and distal views; fig. 6, 6a, pelvis, right side, inferior 
and external views; fig. 7, 7a, 7b, astragalus and calcaneum, internal, external 
and distal views. All three-fourths natural size. From the Republican River 
beds, Driftwood Creek, Nebraska, American Museum No. 8305. Cope Collec- 
tion. 



U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. 



PLATE CXVEEb. 




T Smcliir i; Son.Lilh Philada. 



AELURODON SAEVUS V*. 



PLATE CXIX. 

Miocene Canid^b. Skeleton. of ^Elurodon 

Figs. 1-8. Murodon soevus (Leidy, 1858). Parts of skeleton figured on pll. CXVIII, CXVIIIa, 
CXVIIIb. Fig. 1, la, lb, femur, anterior, posterior and internal views; fig. 2, 
2c, tibia and fibula, anterior view and distal view of tibia; fig. 3, astragalus and 
calcaneum, anterior view; figs. 4, 5, 6, metatarsal bones, third, fourth and fifth, 
dorsal internal and external views; fig. 7, proximal phalanx, and fig. 8, middle 
phalanx, dorsal and proximal views. 

Fig. 9. JElurodon sceuus. Lower jaw, Amer. Mus. No. 8312, Cope Coll., superior view. 

Fig. 10. ? Mlurodon, milk carnassial, Amer. Mus. No. 8308, Cope Coll., internal, posterior and 
superior views. 

All specimens from the Republican River beds of Driftwood Creek, Nebraska, and figured three- 
fourths the natural size. 



U. S GEOLOGICAL S1JR\E\" OF THE TERRITORIES, 



PLATE CXIX' 



<^ ''^^s. 




T Srac].ajT- k Son, Lith. Philada 



AELURODON SAEVUS V4 . 



PLATE CXIXa. 

Jaws and Skeletal parts of Miocene Carnivora 

Nomenclature 
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 

-fElurodon wheelerianus ^Elurodon wheelerianus 

^lurodon hygenoides ?Brachypsalis hysenoides 

Canis brachypus Cynodesmus brachypus 

Figs. 1-3. Mlurodon wheelerianus Cope, 1874. Upper and lower jaws, Amer. Mus. No. 8307, 
from Republican River bed of Red Willow Co., Nebraska. About three-fifths 
natural size. Fig. 1, external view of upper and lower jaw; fig. 2, inferior, fig. 2a, 
anterior view of maxilla; fig. 3, superior view of lower jaw. 

The second upper molar, not figured here, was subsequently found among the 
fragments and fitted to place. The first molar is incorrectly drawn. The speci- 
men was refigured in 1904, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. XX, pp. 250-251, figs. 
3 and 4. 

Fig. 5. fBrachypsalishycenoides{Coipe, 1881). Upper jaw, type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 8338. 
Republican River bed. Driftwood Creek, Hitchcock Co., Nebraska. Natural 
size. 

This ^species appears to be of Mustelid affinities as shown in the form and con- 
struction of the teeth, especially of p* and m^, although it retains a functional m^, 
as in the Canids. It may be the upper dentition of Brachypsalis, which accords 
in the proportions of molar and premolar dentition. 

Figs. 4 & 7. Cynodesmus brachypus. Parts of the type skeleton figured on PI. CXIXb. Figs. 
4, 4a, superior and inferior views of axis; fig. 7, astragalus, superior, inferior and 
external views. 

Fig. 6, unidentified. 



U. S GEOLOGICAL SURX/EY" OF THE TERRITORIES 



PLATE CXEx: a 




T Sinclair & Son.Lith Thilada, 

1-4,AELUR0D0N WHEELERIANUS. 5 , A..HYAENOIDES 6-7. CANIS BPACHYPUS , 



PLATE CXIXb. 

Miocene Canid^e. Skeleton of Cynodesmus 

Nomenclature 
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 

Canis brachypus Cynodesmus brachypus 

Figs. 1-9. Cynodesmus brachypus (Cope, 1881). Type specimen Amer. Mus. No. 8140, Cope 
Coll., from Miocene beds east of Laramie Peak, Wyoming. Natural size. 

Fig. 1, skull and lower jaw side view; fig. 2, cervical vertebrae second to sixth; 
fig. 3, seventh cervical, lateral and posterior views; figs. 4, 5, 6, lumbar verte- 
brae; fig. 7, distal caudals; fig. 8, fifth metatarsal dorsal and plantar views; fig. 
9, unidentified. 

See also pi. CXIXc and CXIXa. 



U, S^ GEOLOGICAL .SLTRVLIY OF THE 'I'EKRJTOPJES, 



PLATE CXlX.b. 




, M 




T Smclaj-r k Son, Lith Thilada 



OANIS BRACHYPUS , 



can River beds) of Driftwood Creek, Hitchcock Co., Neb. It was associated 
with Mylagaulus monodon No. 8328, M. s'esquipedalis No. 8330 and Eucastor 
tortus No. 8333. These specimens were evidently picked up loose, and although 
all are weathered in much the same way, it cannot be positively stated that all 
are of the same geologic age. The associated specimens are characteristic species 
of the late Miocene and early Pliocene fauna; it is probable that the human tooth 
has come from some overlying Pleistocene or recent deposit and been dropped 
down into the older bed. 



PLATE CXIXc. 



Miocene Carnivora and Rodentia. Human tooth found with 

Miocene Fossils 

Nomenclature 
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 

Canis brachypus Cynodesmus brachypus 

Tomarctus brevirostris Tomarctus brevirostris 

Lutra lycopotamica ?Sthenictis lycopotamicus 

Castor Dipoides ?tortus 

Mylagaulus monodon Mylagaulus monodon 

Mylagaulus sesquipedalis Mylagaulus sesquipedalis 

Palseolagus Lepus sp. 

Homo Homo ?sapiens 

Figs. 1-3. Cynodesmus brachypus (Cope, 1881). Parts of type skeleton figured on pi. CXIXb. 

Miocene, East of Laramie Peak, Wyo. Fig. 1, pelvis sacrum and adjoining 

vertebrae, side view, about three-fifths natural size; la ventral view of pelvis. 

Fig. 2, 2a, 2b, metacarpal, dorsal, external and internal views. Fig. 3, proximal 

phalanx, dorsal, lateral and proximal views. 
Fig. 4. Tomarctus brevirostris Cope, 1873. Lower jaw, type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 8302, 

Cope Coll., internal and superior views, natural size. Middle Miocene, Pawnee 

Creek beds near Pawnee Buttes, Colorado. 

The systematic position of this genus is doubtful. The type is an immature 

jaw, the carnassial about half emerged, and the anterior part of the jaw so broken 

that it is not at all certain that the premolars were, as Cope considered them, 

reduced in number. 
Fig. 5. ISthenictis lycopotamica (Cope, 1879). Lower jaw, type specimen, internal and superior 

views. From Pawnee Creek beds (Middle Miocene) of northeastern Colorado. 

The original has been lost. Professor Cope's descriptions have not sufficed to 

determine the affinities of this species, which he referred to Potamogale {Lditric- 

tis = ). It appears to be related to " Stenogale" robusta, Cope, which Peterson 

has (1910) made the type of Sihenictis. 
Figs. 6-9. Dipoides sp. Figs. 6, 6a, lower jaw, T^mer. Mus. No. 8332, Cope Coll., external and 

superior views; Fig. 7, lower incisor, external view; Fig. 8, humerus, anterior 

view. Fig. 9, caudal vertebra, superior view; all natural size. Repubhcan River 

beds, northwestern Kansas. 
Fig. 10. Mylagaulus monodon Cope, 1881. Lower premolar, p. 4, Am. Mus. No. 8328, Cope 

Coll. Natural size. Republican River bed, Kansas. 
Fig. 11. Mylagaulus monodon Cope, 1881. Lower jaw, type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 8327, 

Cope Coll. External, interrial and superior views, natural size. Republican 

River beds. Driftwood Creek, Hitchcock Co., Neb. 
Fig. 12. Mylagaulus sesquipedalis Cope, 1878. Upper premolar, p. 4. 
Fig. 13. Lepus sp. Lower jaw, Amer. Mus. No. 8335, Cope Coll. External and superior 

views, natural size. Republican River beds. Driftwood Creek, Hitchcock Co., 

Neb. 
Fig. 14. Homo ? sapiens. Human tooth found in association with upper Miocene mammals. 

Amer. Mu^. No. 8304, Cope Coll. Repubhcan River beds, northwestern Kansas. 

This tooth was collected by Professor Cope's party on the "Loup Fork" (Republi- 



U. S. GEOLOGICAL SLlRVETi' OF THE TERMTGRIES 



PLATE OOX c. 




2ife*.-^^-*^'^ 



,4\.^ 




2b 




13 c 



5a 




^•^-t-asiitrJwt^'*^-" 




6 a 



Uh 



10 b 



10 








14 a 



^iBcs^-rt&^'Vii^ssiia^ 




T SmclajT 8c Soii.LiCh Phil ad a. 

1-3 GANIS BRAGHVPUS . 4. TOMARCTUS BREVIROSTRIS . 5. LUTRA LYC 0P0TAMICA,6-9 , GASTOR 
10-n MYLAGAULUS MONO DON . 12 M, SESQUIPEDALIS 13 PALAE.QLAGUS 14 HOMO. 



PLATE CXX. 

Miocene Proboscidea. Skull of Tetralophodon 

Nomenclature 
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 

Mastodon campester Tetralophodon campester 

Tetralophodon campester (Cope, 1878). Palatal view of skull of type specimen, Amer. Mus. 
No. 8527, Cope Coll. From Republican River Bed of Sappa Creek, Rawlins 
Co., Kansas. One-haK natural size. 
See also pU. CXXl, CXXIl, CXXIII. 

Note on the Nomenclature of Tertiary Mastodons 

Gomphotherium Burmeister, 1837, appears to be the earliest available generic name for the four- 
tusked mastodons with three transverse crests on the intermediate teeth of 
which the type and best known species is G. angustidens (Cuv.) of the European 
Miocene. Trilophodon Falconer and Tetrabelodon Cope are based upon the 
same species but are of later date. Trilophodon is the name adopted at present 
for the publications of the American Museum. 

Tetralophodon Warren, 1852, applies to the genera with four crests on the intermediate molars, 
Mastodon longirostris and arvernensis of Europe being the types. 



U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. 



PLATE CXX 




MASTODON CAMPESTER COPE 




^;°#5fr t' ' 




PLATE CXXl. 



Miocene Proboscidea. Bones of Tetralophodon 

Nomenclature 
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 

Mastodon campester Tetralophodon campester 

Figs. 1-2. Tetralophodon campester (Cope, 1878). Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 8527, 
Cope Coll., from Republican River beds, Sappa Creek, Kansas. Fig. 1, la, 
pelvis, inferior and external views; fig. 2, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, fifth metacarpal, plantar, 
dorsal, internal, proximal and distal views. All one-fourth natural size. 

Specimen figured in pll. CXX, CXXII, CXXIII. 



II S GEOLOGICAL SURVETr' OF^ LilE TEiitXlTORffiS. 



PLATE CXXI 



2. a. 








. '- f 


1 


** 

i 


^^' 



lisV 



^i!>' 



- T. Sinclair & Son, liith Philada 



MASTODON CAlyrPESTER -4 



PLATE CXXII. 

Miocene Proboscidea 

Nomenclature 
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 

Mastodon campester Tetralophodon campester 

Mastodon " ligonif erus " (unpub.) ? Tetralophodon sp. 

Firis. 1-2. Tetralophodon campester (Cope, 1878). Part of skull and lower jaw. Type speci- 
men, Amer. Mus. No. 8527, Cope Coll., from Republican River beds, Sappa 
Creek, Kansas. Fig. 1, side view of skull and jaw restored in outline; la, lb, 
cross-sections of upper tusk; fig. 2, lower jaw, superior view. Specimen figured 
in pU. CXX, CXXI, CXXIII. 

Figs. 3-5. ? Tetralophodon sp. Lower jaw and femur, Amer. Mus. No. 8529, Republican River 
beds, Driftwood Creek, Hitchcock Co., Nebraska. Fig. 3, 3a, inferior and 
anterior views of lower jaw; fig. 5, 5a, external and distal views of femur. Speci- 
men figured on pi. CXXIV. 

All figures one-foupth natural size. 



PI. ATE CXXll 




S. MASTODON CAMPESTER 3- M LIGONIFERUS 



PLATE CXXIII. 

Miocene Proboscidea 

Nomenclature 
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 

Mastodon campester Tetralophodon campester 

Mastodon sp. ?Trilophodon (= Gomphotherium) sp. 

Fig. 1. Tetralophodon campester (Cope, 1878). Inferior view of lower jaw of type specimen, 

Amer. Mus. No. 8527, figured on pll. CXX-CXXII. 
Fig. 2. ? Trilophodon sp. Basicranial region, from below. Amer. Mus. No. 8520, Cope Coll. 

Republican River beds, Kansas. 
Fig. 3, 3a. f Trilophodon sp. Scapula, external and proximal views. Amer. Mus. No. 8540, 

Cope Coll. Republican River beds, Decatur Co., Kansas. 
All figures one-fourth natural size. 



U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. 



PL,ATE C XXIII 




T. Sinclair St Son, Lith.PKiU 



MASTODON y*. 



PLATE CXXIV. 

Miocene Proboscidea 

Nomenclature 
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 

Mastodon ligoniferus ? Tetralophodon sp. 

Figs. 1-2. f Tetralophodon sp. Allied to Tetralophodon campester. Amer. Mus. No. 8531 , 

Cope Coll. Black Hills, S. Dakota, horizon uncertain. 
Fig. 1. Lower jaw external view; fig. 2, superior view; fig. 3, ? upper molar; fig. 4, distal end 

of femur. 
Fig. 3. ? Tetralophodon sp.; upper molar, ? Amer. Mus. No. 8529, Cope Coll. Republican 

River beds. Driftwood Creek, Nebraska. Specimen figured on pi. CXXII. 
Fig. 4. f TeiraZop/iodon sp., distal end of femur of No. 8529. See pi. CXXII. 
All one-fourth natural size. The name ligoniferus appears to be unpublished. 



PLATE CXXV. 



Miocene Rhinoceroses. Skull of Aphelops megalodus 

Aphelops megalodus Cope, 1873. Side view of skull and jaws, half natural size. Type specimen, 
Amer. Mus. No. 8292, Cope Coll. Pawnee Creek beds, near Pawnee Buttes, 
Weld Co., Colorado. 

See also Pll. CXXVI-CXXX and CXXXV. 



\ 



PLATE CXXVI. 



Miocene Rhinoceroses. Skull op Aphelops megalodus 

Aphelops megalodus Cope, 1873. Superior view of skull one-half natural size. Type specimen, 
figured on pi. CXXV, CXXVII-CXXX and CXXXV. 



U S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES, 



PlVvTE CXX\A 




2fS 



-■\. 



-T.Smclaar* Gon, lith Philada 



APJ-IELOPS MEGALODUS t 



PLATE CXXVII. 



Miocene Rhinoceroses. Skull of Aphelops megalodus 

Aphelops megalodus (Cope, 1873). Inferior view of skull, one-half natural size. Type specimen, 
figured on pU. CXXV-CXXVI, CXXIX-CXXX and CXXXV. 



U S. GEOLOGICAL SLTRVEY OF THE: TERRITORIES, 



PLATE CXX'^/II 




T Sinclair & Son.IithPhilada 



APHELOPS MEGALODUS i 



\ 



PLATE CXXIX. 

Miocene Rhinoceroses. Vertebra of Aphelops 

Figs. 1-4. Aphelops megalodus (Co])e,lS7S). Cervical vertebree, two-fifths natural size. Type 
specimen, No. 8292, from Pawnee Creek beds, near Pawnee Buttes, Weld Co., 
Colorado. 

Fig. 1, la. Atlas, lateral and inferior views; fig. 2, 2a, 2c, axis, lateral, in- 
ferior and posterior views; fig. 3, 3a, 3b, third, cervical vertebra, lateral, inferior 
and anterior views; fig. 4, 4a, 4b, 4c, fourth cervical vertebra, lateral, inferior, 
anterior and posterior views. 

Fig. 5, 5a. Aphelops megalodus (Cope, 1873). Distal end of ulna, paratype, No. 8293, figured 
on pi. CXXX. 

Figs. 6-7. Aphelops megalodus (Cope, 1873). No. 8293a, specimen figured on pi. CXXX, 
proximal views of metacarpals. 

All figures two-fifths natural size. 



U S^ GEOLOGICAL SURVEY' OF THE TERRITGRIES. 



PLATE GXXIX 










3. a. 



l.a 




1 ^ \5 




4c 



i" ^~KniJS0S^ 






.{^ 








A.h^ 



t ^ 

_5,a. 





'^"^^ss^sL- ^ite«„ 



_T. Sinclair & Son.HifK Phjlada 



AEHELOPS MEGALODUS § 



PLATE CXXX. 



Miocene Rhinoceroses. Limb and Foot Bones of Aphelops 

FiQS. 1-15. Aphelops megalodus Cope, 1873. Pawnee Creek beds, near Pawnee Buttes, Weld 
Co., Colorado. 

Figs. 1-3. Amer. Mus. No. 8293a, Cope Coll. Fig. 1, la, lb, second meta- 
carpal, anterior, external and internal views; fig. 2, 2a, fourth metacarpal, anterior 
and external views; fig. 3, 3a, 3b, 3c, radius, anterior, external, proximal and dis- 
tal views. 

Figs. 4-15. Amer. Mus. No. 8293, Cope Coll., paratype. Back of skull fig- 
ured on pi. CXXXIV. 

Fig. 4. Proximal end of second metacarpal; fig. 5, 5a, head of tibia, posterior 
and proximal views; fig. 6, 6a, 6b, distal end of tibia, anterior, distal and internal 
views; fig. 7, 7a, hind foot, dorsal and external views; fig. 8, calcaneum, dorsal 
view; figs. 9, 9a, astragalus, plantar and distal views; fig. 10, cuboid, internal 
view; fig. 11, navicular, distal view; fig. 12, metatarsals, proximal view; fig. 13, 
second metatarsal internal viewj fig. 14a, 14b, third metatarsal, internal and ex- 
ternal views; fig. 15, fourth metatarsal, internal view. 

All figures two-fifths natural size. 



U S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY' OF THE TERRITGPOES. 



PLATE CXXX. 




3. a 



9 a 



141- 



r, Si-nclair A SonLithPhilada 



APHELiOPS MEGALQDUS %. 



:.-iGlCAL SllRVEY OF TfE TERRITORIES 



PLATE CX>:>,'1 




APBBLOPS POSSICER COPE 



ll 



PLATE CXXXII. 

Miocene Rhinoceroses. Skull of Teleoceras 

Nomenclature 

Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 

Aphelops fossiger Teleoceras fossiger 

Teleoceras ( = Eusyodon) fossiger (Cope, 1878). Top view of skull, two-fifths natural size. Amer. 
Mus. No. 8383, Cope Coll. Republican River beds, Decatur Co., Kansas. 
Specimen figured on pU. CXXXI and CXXXIV, 



U, S. GEOLOC.ilCAL SUH^/EY OF THE TEFa'-aTORlES, 



PLATE CXXXIL 




T.Sinclair iSonljith Philada 



APHELOPS FOSSIGER # 



PLATE CXXXIII. 

Miocene Rhinoceroses. Skull of Teleoceras 

Teleoceras (= Eusyodon) fossiger Cope, 1878. Palatal view of skull, two-fifths natural size. 
Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 8390, Cope Coll. Republican River beds, 
Decatur Co., Kansas. Specimen figured on pi. CXXXV. 



U, S, GEOLOGICAL SUR\/EY OF THE TEPTll TORIES 



PLATE CXXXm 




.T Sinclair & Son.Iith Philada 



APHELOPS FOSSIGER # 



PLATE CXXXIV. 



Miocene Rhinoceroses. Skulls of Aphelops and Teleoceras 

Fig. 1. Teleoceras (= Eusyodon) fossiger (Cope, 1878). Occipital view of skull. Amer. Mus. 

No. 8383, figured on pU. CXXXI-CXXXII. 
Fig. 2. Teleoceras (= Eusyodon) fossiger (Cope, 1878). Top view of skull. Amer. Mus. Cope 

Coll. Republican River beds, Decatur Co., Kansas. 
Fig. 3. Aphelops megalodus Cope, 1873. Occipital view of incomplete skull. Amer. Mus. No. 

8383, Pawnee Creek beds, near Pawnee Buttes, Colorado. Specimen figured on 

pi. CXXIX and CXXX. 
All figures two-fifths natural size. 



PLATE CXXXV. 



Miocene Rhinoceroses. Skulls of Aphelops and Teleoceras 

Fig. 1. Aphelops megalodus Cope, 1873. Skull and lower jaws, occipital view, one-third natural 
size. Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 8292, Cope Coll., figured on pll. CXXV- 
CXXX. Pawnee Creek beds, near Pawnee Buttes, Colorado. 

Fig. 2. Teleoceras (= Eusyodon) fossiger (Cope, 1878). Skull, occipital view, one-third natural 
size. Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 8390, Cope Coll., figured on pll. CXXXIII. 



U S. GEOLOGICAL SUTA/E\" OF THE TERRITORIES, 



PLATE CXXX^/ 





•*/■ ' '% 




r- -. 







T. Sinclair & Son.Inth PhUa-ia 



I. APHELOPS MEGALODUS *. S. APHELOPS FOSSIGER i. 



.J 



PLATE CXXXVI. 

Miocene Rhinoceroses. Vertebrae of Teleoceras 

Nomenclature 

Figs. 1-6. Teleoceras (= Eusyodon) fossiger (Cope, 1878). Cervical and dorsal vertebra, 
two-iifths natural size. Amer. Mus. Cope Coll. Republicaia River beds, De- 
catur Co., Kansas. 



U, S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITOFmSS. 



PLATE CXXX\^\ 




T Sinclair & Son lithPhilada , 



APHFLOPS FOSSIGER* 



PLATE CXXXVII. 



Miocene Rhinoceroses. Limb and Foot Bones of Teleoceras 

Nomenclature 
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 

Aphelops (in part) Teleoceras 

FiGa. 1-7. Pelvis and foot bones chiefly of Teleoceras fossiger. Amer. Mus. Cope Coll. Re- 
publican River beds, Decatur Co., Kansas. 



PLATE CXXXVIII. 



Miocene Rhinoceroses. Limb and Foot Bones of Teleoceras 

Figs. 1-9. Limb and foot-bones chiefly of Teleoceras fossiger. Amer. Mus. Cope Coll. Re- 
publican River beds, Decatur Co., Kansas. 



U S GEOLOGJC/U, SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES, 





PLATE 


cxxx-v^ii 


#t 




i 




- 


m 




APHELOPS 



T. Smcidii &Son,i;ith Philadd 



PLATE CXXXIX. 

Miocene Rhinoceroses. Skull of Aphelops malacorhinus 

Aphelops malacorhinus Cope, 1879. Side view of skull one-half natural size. Tj^ie specimen, 
Amer. Mus. No. 8381, Cope Coll. Republican River beds, Hitchcock Co., 
Nebraska. Specimen figured on pU. CXL-CXLI. 



U S GEOLOOJCAl. SUHNTTV OF THE TEP.RiTORES 



PI ,ATE C'-OrAlX 




ORHn-rus COPE y« 



PLATE CXL. 



Miocene Rhinoceroses. Skull of Aphelops malacorhinus 

Aphelops malacorhinus Cope, 1878. Superior view of skull, two-fifths natural size. Type speci- 
men, Amer. Mus. No. 8381, Cope Coll. Republican River beds, Nebraska. 
Specimen figured on pi. CXLI. 



U S, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITGRIEJ 



PLATE CXL 




3# 




■-x^. 




T. SmclaiT & Son lith Philada 



APHELOPS MALACORHINUS f. 



PLATE CXLI. 



Miocene Rhinoceroses. Skull of Aphelops malacorhinus 

Aphelops malacorhinus Cope, 1878. Palatal view of skull, two-fifths natural size. Type speci- 
men, Amer. Mus. No. 8381, Cope Coll., from Republican River beds of Nebraska. 
Specimen figured on pi. CXL. 



U, S, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF TliE TERRITORIES, 



PLATE CXl^L 




%r 



'^ 



iM%w^^ 






& 



/ 




ssMisiifSy 



T. Sinclair & Son.Liih Phjlada 



APHELOPS MALACORHINUS f. 



PLATE CXLII. 



Miocene Rhinocekosbs. Bones of Aphelops malacorhinus 

Figs. 1-6. Aphelops malacorhinus Cope, 1878. Skeleton bones referred to this species by- 
Professor Cope. Amer. Mus. Cope Coll., from Republican River beds, Nebraska. 
Fig. 1, la, lb, pelvis, anterior, posterior and external views, one-fourth natural 
size; fig. 2, 2a, tibia, anterior and distal views, two-fifths nature; figs. 3-6, dorsal 
and a cervical vertebra, two-fifths nature. 

These specimens were presumably referred to this species on account of their 
being found associated with the type or some referred skull material of A. mala- 
corhinus; but the record of such association has been lost, and a search through 
• the published references, field records and other possible sources of information 

has failed to recover any conclusive evidence upon it. The association of skull 
and skeletal parts in the related species A. ceratorhinus Douglass indicates how- 
ever that these bones are correctly referred to A. malacorhinus. (W. D. M.). 



PLATE CXLIII. 



Miocene Rhinoceroses 
Skull and Skeletal Parts of Aphelops ? malacorhinus 

Figs. 1-7. Remains of Rhinoceroses, part or all referable to Aphelops malacorhinus. Amer. 
Mus. Cope Coll. Republican River Bed, Kansas or Nebraska. 

Fig. 1. Humerus, anterior view. 

Fig. 2. Part of maxilla. 

Fig. 3. Aphelops malacorhinus, occipital view of skull. Paratype, Amer. 
Mus. No. 8439, Cope Coll. 

Fig. 4, 4a. Cervical vertebra, lateral and inferior views. 

Fig. 5, 5a, 5b. Ulna, probably A. malacorhinus, external, anterior and distal 
views. No. 8382. 

Fig. 6, 6a. Proximal and distal ends of femur. 

Fig. 7, 7a, 7b. Astragalus, dorsal, plantar and distal views. 



/ 



/ 



U. S GEOLOGICAL .SURVEV OF THE TERRITORIES, 



PLATE GXLILl 




T. Sinclair i Son lithphilada 



APHELOPS 



PLATE CXLIV. 

Miocene Rhinoceroses. Skull of Peraceras 

Peraceras superciliosus Cope, 1880. Side view of skull, one-half natural size. Type specimen, 

Amer. Mus. No. 8380. Republican],River beds, Nebraska. 
Specimen figured on pi. CXLIVb. 



U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES 



FLATfc; CXLIV 




pkracf;bas supbhciijIosus cope + 



PLATE CXLIVb. 

Miocene Rhinoceroses. Skull of Peraceras 

Peraceras superciliosus Cope, 1880. Top view of skull, two-fifths natural size. Type specimen, 
No. 8380, figured on pi. CXLIV. 



U, S. GEOLOGIGAL SURVEY OF T:HE TERRITORIES. 



^_,ATE GXLlVt) 




T Sinclair i Son.Iith Philada 



PER ACER AS SUPERCILIOSUS % 



PLATE CXLV. 

Miocene Equid^. Skull of Merychippus 

Nomenclature 
Cope 1880-3 ' Revised 1915 

Hippotherium speciosum (in part) Merychippus sp. 

Figs. 1-3. Merychippus sp. Skull, lateral, palatal and superior views, one-haK natural size. 

Amer. Mus. No. 8347, Cope Coll., from Republican River beds. Driftwood Creek, 

Hitchcock Co., Nebraska. 
Fig. 4. Merychippus sp. Fourthpremolarandfirstmolar of No. 8347, natural size, crown view. 



U, S GEOLOGICAL SUHVEV OF THE TERRITORIES. 



PLATE CXLY 







T. SmolaiT & Son, Lith Philada 



HIPPOTHERILLM SPECIO.SUM %. 



PLATE CXLVII. 

Miocene Equid^e. Skull and Bones of Merychippus 

Nomenclature 
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 

Hippotherium seversum (in part) Merychippus isonesus 

Figs. 1-8. Merychippus isonesus (Cope, 1889). Skull and parts of skeleton, figured also on 
pi. CXLVIII. All one-half natural size except fig. 16. Type specimen, Amer. 
Mus. No. 8175, Cope Coll. Mascall formation, Cottonwood Creek, John Day 
Valley, Oregon. 

Fig. 1, la, skull, lateral and palatal views; fig. lb, two upper molars, m^'^ 
of the right side, natural size; fig. 2, 2a, atlas, superior and posterior views; fig. 
3, sacrum, inferior view; fig. 4, pelvis, inferior view; figs. 5, 6, proximal and 
distal views of femur; figs. 7, 8, proximal and distal views of tibia; fig. 9, inferior 
view of astragalus. 



U S. GEOLOUICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. 



PLATE C.XL^/IL 




T, Sinclair & Son.Hith Philada 



HIPPOTHERIUM SEVERSUM. GOPE %. 



PLATE CXLVIII. 

Miocene Equid^. Skeleton of Merychippus 

Nomenclature 
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 

Hippotherium seversum (in part) Merychippus isonesus 

Hippotherium sphenodus Merychippus sphenodus 

Figs. 1-8. Merychippus isonesus Cope, 18S9. Parts of skeleton with skull figured on pi. CXLVII. 
One-half natural size. Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 8175, Cope Coll. Mas- 
call formation, Cottonwood Creek, John Day Valley, Oregon. 

Fig. 1. Pelvis, external view; fig. 2, 2a, femur, anterior and posterior views; 
fig. 3, 3a, tibia, anterior and posterior views; fig. 4, hind foot, dorsal view; fig. 5, 
5a, internal and external views; figs. 6, 6a, navicular, proximal and distal views; 
fig. 7, 7a, ectocuneiform, proximal and distal views; fig. 8, metatarsals and 
phalanges, internal view; 8a, 8b, proximal and distal views of metatarsus. 

Figs. 9-10. Merychippus sphenodus Cope, 1889. Upper premolars, crown view, natural size. 
Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 8281, Cope Coll., Pawnee Creek beds, Pawnee 
Buttes, Colorado. 



U, S, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITOFOES. 



PLATE CXLYIII. 




T.SiBclairA Sonlith.Philada 



1—8 HIPPOTHERIUM SEVERSUM. 9 — 10 H. SPHENODUS. 



PLATE CXLVIIIa. 

Miocene Equid^. Teeth and Brain Cast of Meeychippus, etc. 

Nomenclature 
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 

Hippotherium sphenodus Merychippus sphenodus 

Protohippus (in part) Protohippus sp., aff. perditus 

Protohippus perditus (in part) Merychippus sejunctus 

Protohippus insignis (Cope, non Leidy) Merychippus labrosus etc. 

Protohippus sejunctus (in part) Merychippus isonesus 

Hippidium spectans PHo'hippus spectans 

Fig. 1. Merychippus ? sphenodus (Cope, 1889). Upper premolars; paratype, natural size, 
Amer. Mus. No. 8281o, Cope Coll., Pawnee Creek beds, Colorado. 

Fig. 2. ? Merychippus, unidentified specimen, upper molars. 

Fig. 3. Merychippus sejunctus. Upper teeth, natural size, crown view. Amer. Mus. No. 
8254, Cope Coll., recorded as "East of Laramie Peak, Wyoming." 

Fig. 4. Protohippus sp., aff. perditus. Upper teeth, crown view, natural size. Am. Mus. No. 
8340, Cope Coll., Republican River Bed, Nebraska. Hind foot of this individual 
figured on pi. CXLIX. 

Figs. 5-7. Type specimens of Protohippus labrosus Cope, Amer. Mus. No. 8266, Pawnee Creek 
Bed, Pawnee Buttes, Colorado. Fig. 5, upper teeth, crown view, natural size; 
fig. 6, 6a, lower jaw external and superior views, half natural size; fig. 7, upper 
jaw, half natural size, external view. Part of this specimen is now missing, only 
the lower jaw (fig. 6) being identifiable. This lower jaw is a composite of two 
individuals, the symphysis belonging certainly to a different individual and 
probably to a distinct species from the remainder of the jaw, which along with the 
upper teeth figured here (fig. 5) but now lost, agrees very nearly with Merychippus 
sejunctus. The symphysis, however, which in conformity with the author's 
description and evident intent must be regarded as the primary basis of the 
species and selected as lectotype, is clearly distinct from M. sejunctus and cannot 
be correlated with any of the better known species. W. D. M., 1913. 

Fig. 8, 8a. Merychippus isonesus, natural braincast, lateral and superior views. From the 
specimen figured on pi. CXLIX. Amer. Mus. No. 8105, Cope Coll., Deep River 
beds, Deep River (Smith Creek), Montana. 

Figs. 9-11. Pliohippus spectans (Cope, 1880). Upper teeth, natural size, type specimen, 
Amer. Mus. No. 8183, Cope Coll., Mascall formation, Cottonwood Creek, John 
Day Basin, Oregon. Fig. 9, 9a, firstjor second, upper molar, crown and anterior 
views; fig. 10, second upper premolar crown view; fig. 11, upper incisor, crown 
view. 



PLATE CXLIX. 

Limb and Foot Bones of Miocene Equid^ 

Nomenclature 
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 , 

Protohippus sejunctus (in part) Merychippus isonesus 

Protohippus perditus Protohippus sp. aff. perditus 

Hippidium ? pernix ?Hipparion sp. 

Figs. 1^. Merychippus ? isonesus (Cope, 1889). Limb and foot bones with skull. Amer. 
Mus. No. 8105, Cope Coll., Deep Riverbeds, Deep River (Smith Creek), Montana. 
Fig. 1, la, ulno-radius, anterior and external views, one-half natural size; fig. 2, 
2a, 2b, 2c, fore foot, anterior and external views, with proximal and distal views of 
metatarsus half natural size; fig. 3, proximal view of magnum and unciform with 
part of metacarpal III, two-thirds natural size; fig. 4, proximal view of tibia, 
one-half nature. See also pi. CXLVIIIa. 

Fig. 5-6. Protohippus sp. aff. perditus. Parts of skeleton associated with upper jaw figured 
on pi. CXLVIIIa, Am. Mus. No. 8340, Cope Coll., from Repubhcan River beds, of 
Nebraska. Fig. 5, pelvis, inferior view; fig. 6, 6a, 6b, anterior, internal, proximal 
views of median metatarsal; both one-half natural size. 

Fig. 7. Atlas, unidentified (not Equid). 

Fig. 8. ? Hipparion sp. Metatarsal III and proximal phalanx, anterior and external views and 
proximal view of metatarsal, one-half natural size. Amer. Mus. No. 8357, Cope 
Coll. Republican R. beds, Nebraska. (The specimen includes remains of more 
than one individual and no teeth are associated, so that the reference is wholly 
doubtful. It has the proportions of the American species of Hipparion but is 
exceptional among them in the tarso-metatarsal articulation). 



US ut:.uL. .•-. ■]■::/')!. surve/ or ixit 'i'E]:\;i-<]TGR:ES 



PRATE CXL17. 






2,TJ. 








6 h 





?*^???s»i> 








1-4 PROTOfllPPLlS SEJUNCTUS. 5-6 P PERDRrUS. 7-6 PPFPIIOIUM ?PR,PN1X 



PLATE CL 



Miocene EQUiDiE. Skull of Merychippxjs 

Nomenclature 
Cope 18S0-3 Revised 1915 

Protohippus sejunctus Merychippus sejunctus 

Figs. 1-3. Merychippus sejunctus (Cope, 1874). Skull of type specimen, lateral, palatal and 
superior views, one-half natural size. Amer. Mus. No. 8291, Cope Coll., Pawnee 
Creek beds, near Pawnee Buttes, Weld Co., Colorado. 

Skeleton parts figured on pi. CLI. 



U, S. GEOLOGICAL SURVE?!'' OF THE TERRITORIES 



PLATE CL' 



'*'^.. 




''■/ 



--^t, -^U«M.J 



1/ 
/ 



■f 



I t Z'f*- '- ->• 



■'^^igaK, 



^^%r.iRSicsSr'^"' 



■ ^ ^('^ iCsfe felW^, .::s. ^m.^^k^-r 



^■^^l^m0H'^^^: 



^hm 





5> 







^ '■fe.?' 



'iXH''^^'^- <," ''■^- 




T.Smclau- & Son.Iith.Philada 



PROTOHIPPUS SEaUNCTUS COPE Yz 



PLATE CLI. 



Miocene Equid^. Skeleton Parts of Merychippus 

Figs. 1-14. Merychippus sejundus Cope, 1874. Skeletal parts of type specimen, skull figured 
on pi. CL. All one-half natural size, Amer. Mus. No. 8291, Pawnee Creek beds, 
near Pawnee Buttes, Colorado. 

Fig. 1, lower jaw, superior view; fig. 2, 2a, atlas, superior and inferior views; fig. 
odontoid 2b, process of axis; fig. 3, 3a, third cervical vertebra, inferior and posterior 
views; fig. 4, 4a, seventh cervical, anterior and inferior views; fig. 5, 5a, first dorsal, 
anterior and lateral views; 6, 6a, 6b, 6c, humerus, anterior, external, proximal 
and distal views; 7, 7a, 7b, tibia, anterior, external and distal views; figs. 8-14, 
hind foot, anterior and external views, 8b, inferior view of astragalus, 8c, 9b, of 
calcaneum and astragalus, 10b, proximal view of navicular and cuboid, lib, lie, 
proximal and distal views of metatarsus, 12b, proximal view of proximal phalanx; 
13b, of second phalanx, 14b, 14c, proximal and inferior views of ungual phalanx. 
The humerus and tibia here figured were found in the Cope Collection with 
No. 8251, a specimen which Cope referred to Protohippus perditus, and which is 
now (1913) referred to Merychippus ? sphenodus. It appears probable that parts 
of the type skeleton of No. 8291 had become mixed with No. 8251, but the two 
individuals are so closely allied specifically that I am unable to clear up the 
confusion, 



U, S G^ nj Ul.IPAL SURVEY OF niE TEr<RITORJES 



PL.ATE GIjI 




T Smclajr i< Son Iith Philada 



PROTOHIPPUS SEJUNCTUS Va 



PLATE CLIII. 

Miocene Camelid^ 

Nomenclature 

Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 

Protolabis transmontanus Miolabis transmontanus 

Protolabis heterodontus Protolabis heterodontus 

Figs. 1, 2. Miolabis transmontanus (Cope, 1879). Skull, lateral and palatal views, two-thirds 
natural size. Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 8196, Cope Coll., from Mascall 
formation of Cottonwood Creek, John Day Valley, Oregon. 

Figs. 3, 4. Protolabis heterodontus (Cope, 1874). Upper and lower jaws, side view, and palatal 
view of upper jaw, two-thirds natural size. Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 
8296, Cope Coll., from Pawnee Creek beds, near Pawnee Buttes, Weld Co., 
Colorado. 



U, S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THF, Tl-LRFaTORIES 



PLATE CLIir 










_ T. SiTiclair A Son.Lith "Philada. 



l-Z PROTALABIS TRANSMONTANUS, 3-4 P. HEITERODONTUS. 2/3 



PLATE CLIV. 

Skull and Jaws of Miocene Camels 

Nomenclature 
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 

Procamelus angustidens Cope 1872 = Protolabis angustidens Cope 
"Procamelus angustidens" Cope 1881 = Procamelus ingequidens sp. nov. 

Fig. 1. Procamelus inoequidens sp. nov. Side view of skull and jaws, No. 8446, type, from Upper 
Miocene, Republican R. beds. Driftwood Creek, Hitchcock Co., Nebraska. 
This skull was referred by Cope to P. angustidens, but differs from topotypes of 
that species in the absence of the upper incisors and other characters of less 
moment. 

Figs. 2, 3. Inferior and superior views of same skull. 

Fig. 4. Protolabis angustidens Cope, 1872. Lower jaws, type specimen, superior view. From 
Middle Miocene (Pawnee Creek beds) near Pawnee Buttes, Colorado. Cope 
Coll., Am. Mus. No. 8294. 



U, S, GEOLOGICAL. SURVEY OF THE TEBRITORIES. 



PLATE CLIV. 




"^-tef„ , _ 



^^%~ 



r 




#! 




^"~*^'^ 



\ 








^^' ■" 



"^^^ 




f?^ 



■^"^^^Sj^SiS^^^JsS^ 







4; «-V<r4,';<l4it 






^f-' 







T. Sinclair & Sonjitli Plulada 



PROCAMELUS ANGUSTIDENS. COPE. Yz. 



